Charles Ellicott Commentary Isaiah 24:21

"And it shall come to pass in that day, that Jehovah will punish the host of the high ones on high, and the kings of the earth upon the earth." — Isaiah 24:21 (ASV)

The Lord shall punish the host of the high ones that are on high ... —The prophet’s utterance becomes more and more apocalyptic. He sees more than the condemnation of the kings of earth. Jehovah also visits the principalities and powers in heavenly places (Ephesians 3:10) or on high (Ephesians 6:12). Perhaps identifying these spiritual evil powers with the gods whom the nations worshipped, and these again with the stars in the firmament, Isaiah foresees a time when their long-protracted rebellion shall come to an end, and all authority and power shall be put down under the might of Jehovah (1 Corinthians 15:25).

The antithetical parallelism of the two clauses is decisive against the interpretation that sees in high ones on high only the representatives of earthly kingdoms, though we may admit that from the prophet’s standpoint each rebel nation is thought of as swayed by a rebel spirit. (and the Septuagint of Deuteronomy 32:8: He set the bounds of the nations according to the number of the angels of God.) The same thought is found in a Rabbinic proverb, “God never destroys a nation without having first of all destroyed its prince” (Delitzsch, but without a reference).