Charles Ellicott Commentary Isaiah 54:6

"For Jehovah hath called thee as a wife forsaken and grieved in spirit, even a wife of youth, when she is cast off, saith thy God." — Isaiah 54:6 (ASV)

For the Lord hath called thee. —The words find their explanation, perhaps their starting-point, in the history of Hosea and Gomer (Hosea 1-3). The husband has punished the faithless wife by what seemed a divorce, but his heart yearns for her, and he takes her back again.

When thou wast refused. —Some critics render Can she be rejected ... ? with the implied answer, “No, that is impossible,” but the Authorized Version is tenable, and gives an adequate meaning.