Charles Ellicott Commentary Jeremiah 25:34

"Wail, ye shepherds, and cry; and wallow [in ashes], ye principal of the flock; for the days of your slaughter and of your dispersions are fully come, and ye shall fall like a goodly vessel." — Jeremiah 25:34 (ASV)

Howl, ye shepherds. —The idea of the flock suggested in the “habitation” or “pasture” of Jeremiah 25:30 is here expanded. The “shepherds” are, as usual, the rulers of the people (Jeremiah 10:21; Jeremiah 22:22, and others).

Wallow yourselves in the ashes. —The words in italics have probably been added to bring the passage into conformity with Jeremiah 6:26, but they are not needed, and the interpretation is unauthorized. Better, therefore, roll on the ground. By some interpreters the word is rendered “sprinkle yourselves.” The “principal of the flock” are the “strong ones,” that is, the best and fattest of the rams, denoting figuratively the princes and captains of the people.

And of your dispersions. —The Hebrew text seems faulty, and a slight alteration, now generally accepted, gives, and I will scatter you.

Like a pleasant vessel. —The sudden change of metaphor is somewhat startling, as judged by our rules of rhetoric; but the poets and prophets of Israel wrote without the fear of criticism and used each image that presented itself, if it was fit for its immediate purpose, without caring much for continuity.

The thought of the scattered flock suggested the idea of a dispersion or breaking-up of another kind, even that of the “pleasant vessel” (literally, the vessel of desire, that is, a vase made for kingly and honorable uses), falling with a crash and shivered into fragments, which Jeremiah had presented to the people in his acted parable and spoken words in Jeremiah 19:10-11 and Jeremiah 22:28. The Septuagint translators give like the chosen rams, as if anxious to avoid the mixed metaphor and venturing on a conjectural emendation of the text.