Charles Ellicott Commentary Jeremiah 40

The word that came to Jeremiah from the Lord. —It is noticeable that this introduction is not followed by any specific utterance of prophecy until we come to Jeremiah 42:7. It is a natural conclusion that it stands as a kind of heading to the section of the collected prophecies after the capture of the city.

Had let him go from Ramah. —The town so named was in the tribe of Benjamin (Joshua 18:25), about six miles from Jerusalem, and retains its old name in the form Er-Ram. It was used on this occasion as a depot for the prisoners who were brought to it from Jerusalem, to await the orders of Nebuzaradan as to their ultimate disposal. The captain of the guard and the prophet had apparently not met before, and the latter had been brought in chains (literally, manacles, chains fastened to the wrists, Jeremiah 40:4), like the other captives.

(2–4) The Lord your God ... —It is significant that the Chaldean general speaks as if recognizing Jehovah as the God of Israel, and the prophet’s mission from Him. Such a recognition did not, however, imply more than the belief of the polytheist, that each nation had its own guardian deity. We find language of a like kind, though spoken with a tone of sarcasm, coming even from the lips of Rab-shakeh (2 Kings 18:25).

As a prophet, however, Jeremiah is treated with marked respect—perhaps partly due to the policy he had advocated, and possibly partly to the influence of men like Daniel and his friends at Babylon. He is offered the option of going to that city with the promise of honorable treatment (though it is assumed he would not return from there), or of remaining in Judea to go wherever he pleases. The prophet obviously chooses the second alternative, but before he acts on it, another plan occurs to Nebuzaradan.

Go back also to Gedaliah the son of Ahikam. —The captain of the guard seems to have felt, on second thoughts, possibly after hearing the prophet’s unrecorded answer, that he had not taken sufficient precaution for Jeremiah’s safety, and therefore consigns him once more to the care of his friend and protector. On parting with him he treats him as an honoured guest, sends him a portion of food from his own table ()—a welcome gift, doubtless, after the privations of the siege—and an honorarium, in money as a compensation for the sufferings he had undergone as a preacher of submission to the conqueror.

Governor over the cities of Judah. —The official title is significant. Jerusalem is treated as if it had been blotted from the face of the earth, and required no superintendence. Gedaliah, the prophet’s friend, had obviously acted on his counsels, and accepted the sovereignty of Nebuchadnezzar as being for the time the ordinance of God. A true patriot might well hold it to be his duty at such a time to accept office under the conqueror, in the hope of being able to do something for the remnant of the nation that was left under his charge.

To Mizpah. —The name, which signifies “watchtower” (Genesis 31:49), was naturally not uncommon. Of the six or seven cities that were so called, the one before us here was Mizpah of Benjamin (Joshua 18:25–26), prominent in the history of Samuel and Saul (1 Samuel 7:5–13; 1 Samuel 10:17–25), not far from Gibeah of Saul (Isaiah 10:29; Judges 19:13). It has been identified by Dr. Robinson (B ibl. Res. 1:460) with Neby-Samwil, about six miles north of Jerusalem.

Dean Stanley, Mr. Grove, and Dr. Bonar, however, find it in the ridge which forms a continuation of the Mount of Olives on the north, and which Josephus (Wars, Book 5, section 2), apparently giving the Greek equivalent of the old Hebrew name, calls Skopos, or “the watch-tower.” Mizpah, it may be noted, is twice translated Skopia in the Septuagint version (Hosea 5:1; 1 Samuel 22:3). It will be seen that the latter identification fits in better with the narrative than the former.

Now when all the captains of the forces. — A new section of the history begins, ending with the murder of Gedaliah and its sequel in Jeremiah 41:18.

The commanders of the armies that had fought against the invader in the open country found it hopeless to continue the struggle after the capture of Jerusalem. What were they to do?

The king of Babylon had, by appointing Gedaliah, himself a prince of Judah, shown a disposition to treat the conquered people leniently. Could they do better than apply to him for protection?

Then they came to Gedaliah. — Of the captains thus named, Ishmael, of the seed royal (we have no information for determining his precise position in the line of successors) (Jeremiah 41:1), is prominent in the history of the next chapter; Johanan (the Hebrew form of Joannes or John) is prominent in that of Jeremiah 42; Seraiah and Jaazaniah are named in the parallel passage of 2 Kings 25:23, but nothing more is known of them.

Netophah, to which the sons of Ephai belonged, was a town of Benjamin not far from Bethlehem (1 Chronicles 2:54; 1 Chronicles 9:16; Ezra 2:22; Nehemiah 7:26). The Maachathite, whose father is not named, was probably a naturalised alien from the small kingdom of Maachah, on the east side of the Jordan, near Argob (Deuteronomy 3:14; 2 Samuel 10:6; 2 Samuel 10:8) and Bashan (Joshua 12:5), not far from the modern Lejah.