Charles Ellicott Commentary Job 14

Man that is born of a woman is of few days. — He now takes the opportunity to elaborate on the miserable condition of man in general, rising from the particular instance in himself to the common lot of the human race. It is likely that these words should be connected with the end of the previous chapter. He, as a rotten thing, consumeth — a man born of woman, short of days and full of trouble, who came forth as a flower and was (began to be) cut off (at once); who fled as the shadow that abideth not. After having resolved to come into judgment with God, he imagines the miserable creature with whom God will have to contend if He contends with him.

Who can bring a clean thing ... — How can man be clean who is born of woman, who is unclean? This question is reiterated by Bildad (Job 25:4). Perhaps, however, we should rather interpret it as: “Oh, that the clean could come forth from the unclean! but none can.”

Accomplish. —Rather, have pleasure in; rejoice at the day when his wages are paid him. Job had used the same image before (Job 7:2).

Job now proceeds to enlarge on the mortality of man, comparing him, as is so often done in all literature, to the vegetable produce of the earth (Isaiah 40:7; Isaiah 65:22); with this difference, however—that a tree will sprout again when it is cut down, but even a strong man succumbs to death. Yea, man giveth up the ghost, and where is he?

As the waters fail from the sea seems commonly to have been misunderstood because it has been taken as a comparison; but there is no particle denoting comparison in the Hebrew. Moreover, the water never fails from the sea, nor do great rivers like the Nile or the Euphrates ever dry up. The comparison that is implied, but not expressed, is one of contrariety.

The waters will have failed from the sea, and the rivers will have wasted and become dry, and yet the man who has lain down (in death) will not arise: i.e., sooner than that will happen, the sea will fail and the great rivers become dry. This appears to give a sense far better and more appropriate to the context. The Authorised Version obscures the obvious meaning of the passage by the introduction of the “as,” which is not needed.

There is no hope of any future life, still less of any resurrection here; but neither can we regard the language as involving an absolute denial of it. What Job says is equally true even in full view of the life to come and of the resurrection; indeed, there seems to glimmer the hope of an ardent though unexpressed longing, through the very language that is used. In any case, the statement uttered so confidently is not proof against the inevitable doubt involved in Job 14:14.

If a man die, shall he live again?—Why ask the question if it were absolutely certain that he would not? All the days of my warfare—i.e., as long as I live—I will hope, till my change or transition from life to death comes, that Thou shalt call and I shall answer Thee, that Thou wilt long for the work of Thine hands.