Charles Ellicott Commentary Leviticus 1:14

"And if his oblation to Jehovah be a burnt-offering of birds, then he shall offer his oblation of turtle-doves, or of young pigeons." — Leviticus 1:14 (ASV)

Be of fowls. —The fowls here are in contrast to the cattle in Leviticus 1:2. And as the quadrupeds there are immediately defined to consist of bullocks, sheep, and goats, so the generic term winged creature is here restricted to the dove and pigeon. It will thus be seen that five different kinds are allowed for the burnt offering, namely, the bullock, lamb, goat, dove, and pigeon, the same that Abram was commanded to offer (Genesis 15:9).

Of turtledoves. —Though in the case of the burnt offering, as well as of the sin offering, pigeons were permitted to those who were too poor to offer quadrupeds, yet in certain other cases birds were prescribed for all, irrespective of their circumstances. Not only did turtledoves regularly come in large flocks (Song of Solomon 2:11–12; Jeremiah 8:7) into Palestine at certain periods, but owing to these sacrifices, the Jews have always kept dovecotes and reared pigeons (2 Kings 6:25; Isaiah 60:8; Josephus, Wars, v. 4, 4). To supply the demand for them, dealers in these birds sat with them in cages on stalls in the Temple court (Matthew 21:2; John 11:16, and so on).