Charles Ellicott Commentary Leviticus 15:19

"And if a woman have an issue, [and] her issue in her flesh be blood, she shall be in her impurity seven days: and whosoever toucheth her shall be unclean until the even." — Leviticus 15:19 (ASV)

And if a woman have an issue. — Having legislated for cases in connection with man—as well as for one case in which both the husband and the wife are concerned—the Law now lays down directions for two cases affecting the woman.

And her issue in her flesh be blood. — Better, if her issue, etc. This clause defines the preceding one, stating more minutely what the issue consists of and proceeds from.

She shall be put apart seven days. — Though as a rule the discharge ceases after three or four days, yet, as in the first stage after childbirth, the period of uncleanness is extended to seven days to include exceptional cases .

To fully appreciate the merciful provisions of the laws enacted here, it is necessary to bear in mind not only the gross superstitions that prevailed among the ancients about women in this condition, but also the cruel treatment to which wives and daughters were subjected. In some countries, both in the Old and New Worlds, they are still subjected to such treatment. It was believed that if a woman in this condition sat under a tree, all its fruit fell off; at her approach the edge of a tool became blunted, and copper utensils contracted a fetid smell, and meat got sour, and a thousand other things.

Hence, the Parsees not only isolated her from the rest of the family but also forbade her to speak to anyone; and those who took food to her in her seclusion had to put it at some distance from her. The Zabii purified with fire every place she trod. Even if the wind that came from her direction blew upon anyone, he became polluted. To this day, among groups such as the Black inhabitants of Issing, the Kalmyks, and many others, they have special houses for them outside each town and village; and at the River La Plata, they are sewn into hammocks, with only a small aperture for the mouth, till they are well again.

To restrain the Jews from sharing these superstitions and from resorting to any of these inhumane acts, as well as for sanitary purposes, the Lawgiver ordained these benign and necessary rules.

Whosoever toucheth her shall be unclean. — Like other unclean persons, she defiled by being touched. Though not expressed here, it is implied that he who contracted this defilement had both to wash his garments and bathe his body, as usual.