Charles Ellicott Commentary Leviticus 19:34

"The stranger that sojourneth with you shall be unto you as the home-born among you, and thou shalt love him as thyself; for ye were sojourners in the land of Egypt: I am Jehovah your God." — Leviticus 19:34 (ASV)

But the stranger that dwelleth.— Better, The stranger that sojourns. The word “but” is not in the original, and its insertion mars the flow of the passage, while the expression rendered in the Authorized Version by “dwelleth” is the same that is translated “sojourn” in the preceding verse.

This stranger is in every respect to be treated as any other member of the commonwealth and as a native.

Shalt love him as thyself.—He is not simply to be treated with consideration and courtesy because he is a foreigner, and to enjoy the rights and receive the justice due to every human being, but he is to be put on a perfect equality with the ordinary Israelite. Hence the precept laid down in Leviticus 19:18, thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself, is here enacted with regard to the stranger. It was this humane law which attracted so many strangers to Palestine. Hence we find that in the days of Solomon there were 153,600 strangers in the Holy Land.

For ye were strangers in the land of Egypt.— To enforce these kindly sentiments towards strangers, which was so contrary to the practice of the surrounding nations, who had an inveterate hatred of all foreigners, the lawgiver appeals to their own bitter experience. They knew with what inhumanity they were treated in Egypt because they were strangers, how they had been humiliated and reduced to slavery.

The very thought of this will not only soften their hearts but will also enable them to see that the safety of all classes consists in basing our legislation upon the principle of equal rights for all inhabitants. This poignant appeal is found three more times in the Pentateuch to enforce this precept (Exodus 22:20; Exodus 23:9; Deuteronomy 10:19).