Charles Ellicott Commentary Leviticus 25:10

"And ye shall hallow the fiftieth year, and proclaim liberty throughout the land unto all the inhabitants thereof: it shall be a jubilee unto you; and ye shall return every man unto his possession, and ye shall return every man unto his family." — Leviticus 25:10 (ASV)

And ye shall hallow the fiftieth year. —Because it is here said, “Ye shall hallow the fiftieth year,” the authorities during the second Temple inferred that the good work of the jubilee is to begin with the first day of Tishri, which is the beginning of the year, and which ought to be hallowed. Hence, as New Year was with the Hebrews the preparation for the Day of Atonement, so it also became the prelude to the acts of mercy which finally came into operation on the Day of Atonement.

They therefore began counting the cycle of the jubilee from the first of Tishri, or New Year, though they proclaimed it on the tenth, or on the close of the Day of Atonement. In accordance with this, the authorities during the second Temple record that “from the Feast of Trumpets [i.e., Tishri 1] until the Day of Atonement [i.e., Tishri 10], the slaves were neither manumitted to return to their homes, nor were made use of by their masters, but ate, drank, rejoiced, and wore garlands; and when the Day of Atonement came, the judges blew the cornet, the slaves were manumitted to return to their homes, and the fields were set free.”

And proclaim liberty ... unto all the inhabitants —That is, to all the Israelites, who are the true possessors of the land. Hence, the ancient authorities conclude that the law of jubilee was only in force as long as the whole Jewish nation dwelt in the land, but not after the tribes of Reuben and Gad, and half the tribe of Manasseh, were carried into captivity by Pul and Tilgath-Pilneser kings of Assyria (1 Chronicles 5:26), because “all the inhabitants” of the land dwelt no longer in it. It is from this declaration to proclaim liberty that the year of jubilee is also called “the year of freedom” (Ezekiel 46:17).

It shall be a jubilee. —This is an abbreviation of the fuller form, “a year of jubilee,” used in the other passages of this chapter (Leviticus 25:28; Leviticus 25:40; Leviticus 25:50; Leviticus 25:52; Leviticus 25:54), and denotes “a year proclaimed by the blast of the horn,” since the word yôbel signifies both ram’s horn and the sound emitted from it.

And ye shall return every man. —See Leviticus 25:14-16; Leviticus 25:23–28.

Every man unto his family. —See Leviticus 25:39-40.