Charles Ellicott Commentary Luke 1:52

"He hath put down princes from [their] thrones, And hath exalted them of low degree." — Luke 1:52 (ASV)

The mighty.—The word (from which we get our English “dynasty”) is applied to the eunuch of great authority under Candace (Acts 8:27), and is used as a divine name in the blessed and only Potentate (1 Timothy 6:15). Here it is used generally of all human rulers.

From their seats.—Better, their thrones, as the word is for the most part translated (Compare Matthew 19:28, and in this very chapter, Luke 1:32).

Of low degree.—The adjective is the one from which the noun translated low estate (Luke 1:48) had been formed.