Charles Ellicott Commentary Luke 2:7

"And she brought forth her firstborn son; and she wrapped him in swaddling clothes, and laid him in a manger, because there was no room for them in the inn." — Luke 2:7 (ASV)

She brought forth her first-born son.—On the question whether anything may be inferred from the word “first-born,” regarding the subsequent life of Mary and Joseph, see Note on Matthew 1:25.

Wrapped him in swaddling clothes.—In the manner of the East, then as now, these were fastened tightly around the whole body of the child, confining both legs and arms.

Laid him in a manger.—A tradition found in the Apocryphal Gospel of the Infancy fixes a cave near Bethlehem as the scene of the Nativity, and Justin Martyr finds in this a fulfilment of the LXX version of Isaiah 33:16, "His place of defence shall be in a lofty cave." Caves in the limestone rocks of Judea were so often used as stables that there is nothing improbable in the tradition.

The present Church of the Nativity has beneath it a natural crypt or cavern, in which St. Jerome is said to have passed many years compiling his Latin translation (that known as the Vulgate) of the Sacred Scriptures. The traditional ox and ass, which appear in nearly every stage of Christian art in pictures of the Nativity, are probably traceable to a fanciful interpretation of Isaiah 1:3, which is, indeed, cited in the Apocryphal Gospel ascribed to St. Matthew as being thus fulfilled.

There was no room for them in the inn.—The statement implies that the town was crowded with persons who had come up to be registered there—some, perhaps, exulting, like Joseph, in their descent from David. The inn of Bethlehem—what in modern Eastern travel is known as a khan or caravanserai, as distinct from a hostelry (the “inn” of Luke 10:34)—offered the shelter of its walls and roofs, and nothing more.

It had a memorable history of its own, being named in Jeremiah 41:17 as the “inn of Chimham,” the place of rendezvous from which travellers started on their journey to Egypt. It was so named after the son of Barzillai, whom David seems to have treated as an adopted son (2 Samuel 19:37–38), and was probably built by him in his patron’s city as a testimony of his gratitude.