Charles Ellicott Commentary Numbers 1:52

"And the children of Israel shall pitch their tents, every man by his own camp, and every man by his own standard, according to their hosts." — Numbers 1:52 (ASV)

By his own standard. —It appears from Numbers 2:3; Numbers 2:10; Numbers 2:18; Numbers 2:25, that there were four standards—namely, those of Judah, Reuben, Ephraim, and Dan—corresponding to the four camps, each consisting of three tribes, which pitched around the tent of meeting.