Charles Ellicott Commentary Numbers 29

Beside the burnt offering of the month.— Better, of the new moon. (See Numbers 28:11, where the burnt offering of the beginning of the month is described.)

The tenth day of this seventh month ...— The law regarding the observance of the great Day of Atonement is contained in Leviticus 16:0 and Leviticus 23:26-32. The sacrifices prescribed in Numbers 29:8-11, which are the same as those prescribed for the first day of the seventh month, were to be offered in addition to the sin offerings of atonement prescribed in Leviticus 16:0 and to the daily burnt offerings. (See Notes on Leviticus 16:0; Leviticus 23:26–32.)

And you shall afflict your souls.— See Leviticus 16:29. This affliction or humiliation appears to have included fasting , although the word that denotes fasting is not used, nor is there any express injunction regarding fasting in the Pentateuch.

And on the fifteenth day of the seventh month ... — See Leviticus 23:33-36; Leviticus 23:39–43. A larger number of burnt offerings was appointed for this feast than for any other festival. Seventy oxen in all were to be offered on the seven days of the feast, the number being diminished by one daily—namely, thirteen on the first day, twelve on the second, eleven on the third, and in the same way until the seventh day, on which seven oxen, the perfect number, were to be offered.

In addition to the oxen, two rams and fourteen lambs were to be offered daily as burnt offerings, and a he-goat as a sin offering, in addition to the daily burnt offering. The appointed meal offerings and drink offerings were to be offered with all the burnt offerings.

The large number of sacrifices offered at this time may be attributed to the fact that at this feast the people not only expressed their gratitude for the Divine presence and protection, but also for the rich fruits of the harvest which had been recently gathered.

On the eighth day you shall have a solemn assembly. —Or, closing feast day. The word azereth, which is here and in the parallel passage in Leviticus 23:36 (2 Chronicles 7:9) rendered “solemn assembly,” is used in Deuteronomy 16:8 for the seventh or closing day of the Feast of the Passover. It is used in Jeremiah 9:2 and Amos 5:2 in a more general manner.

In the former of these passages, it is used of an assembly or confederacy of false dealers, and in the latter, it appears to include solemn festivals generally, without limitation to the last day of their duration. The primary notion appears to be that of restraint—i.e., from the performance of servile work. The sacrifices of the eighth day were the same as those which were appointed for the first day of the seventh month, i.e., the Feast of Trumpets, and also for the tenth day, or Day of Atonement. (See Leviticus 23:36, and Note.)

These things you shall do unto the Lord in your set feasts— Better, These sacrifices you shall offer to the Lord at your set seasons.

For your burnt offerings ...— The sacrifices prescribed in this chapter were appointed to be offered independently of all the burnt offerings, meal offerings, drink offerings, and peace offerings, which were made in performance of special vows, or as freewill offerings. (Numbers 15:1–13).