Charles Ellicott Commentary Proverbs 1

1. INTRODUCTION DESCRIBING THE PURPOSE OF THE BOOK (Proverbs 1:1–6).

Proverbs. —For the various senses of the Hebrew mâshâl thus translated, see Introduction.

Solomon.— The absolute quiet and prosperity of the reign of Solomon (the man of peace), as described in 1 Kings 4:20 and following, would naturally be conducive to the growth of a sententious philosophy; whereas the constant wars and dangerous life of David had called forth the impassioned eloquence of the Psalms.

To know—That is, they are written so that one may know. In this and the following verses, the writer accumulates synonyms to emphasize the broad purpose of the instruction he offers.

Wisdom (chokhmah)—The original meaning of this word is “firmness” or “solidity,” signifying an opinion based on sound reasons; this is the opposite state of mind to being carried about with every wind of doctrine (Ephesians 4:14).

Instruction (mûsâr)—Or rather, discipline—the knowledge of how to keep oneself under control. (Compare to 2 Peter 1:6: Add to your knowledge temperance, or self-control.)

To perceive the words of understanding—Compare to Hebrews 5:14: To have the senses exercised to discern both good and evil. (Compare also to Philippians 1:10.) The opposite condition to this is having the heart made fat (Isaiah 6:10) through continuance in evil, so that it can no longer understand.

To receive the instruction of wisdom—To take in, or appropriate, the “discipline” which results in “prudence” (haskçl) or practical wisdom; so David behaved himself wisely (1 Samuel 18:5).

Equity—Literally, what is straight, so true, honest.

Subtilty (Ormah). —Used in a bad sense (Exodus 21:14) for “guile.” For the meaning here, compare to Matthew 10:16: Be ye wise as serpents; compare also to the reproof of Luke 16:8, that the children of this world are in their generation wiser than the children of light; and St. Paul’s advice to redeem the time (Ephesians 5:16), i.e., seize opportunities for good.

Simple. —Literally, those who are open to good impressions and influences, but who also can be easily led astray (Proverbs 14:15).

Young man.—The Hebrew term is used of any age from birth to about the twentieth year.

Discretion. —Or rather, thoughtfulness; a word also used in a bad sense in Proverbs 12:2, and there translated “wicked devices.”

A wise man will hear.— That is, if he listens to these proverbs. (Compare to Proverbs 9:9.) It is not only the young who will benefit from them.

A man of understanding.— Or rather, of discernment.

Wise counsels. —Literally, arts of seamanship: that is, guiding himself and others aright through the “waves of this troublesome world.”