Charles Ellicott Commentary Psalms 24:4

"He that hath clean hands, and a pure heart; Who hath not lifted up his soul unto falsehood, And hath not sworn deceitfully." — Psalms 24:4 (ASV)

His soul. —The Hebrew margin is my soul, a reading confirmed by the Alexandrian Codex of the Septuagint. The Rabbis defend it by saying soul here = name (Jeremiah 51:14), and to lift up to vanity = to take in vain.

Vanity. —Evidently, from the parallelism, in the sense of falsehood, as in Job 31:5.

Deceitfully. —Literally, to fraud, from a root meaning to trip up. The Septuagint and Vulgate add to his neighbour.