Charles Ellicott Commentary Zechariah 1:19

"And I said unto the angel that talked with me, What are these? And he answered me, These are the horns which have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem." — Zechariah 1:19 (ASV)

Scattered.—This word need not necessarily refer to dispersing into captivity, but may simply mean “endeavored to destroy the national unity,” or “disintegrated.” Compare the Roman motto, “Divide et impera.”

Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem.—The expression “Israel and Jerusalem” is a closer definition of Judah, as in Malachi 2:11. (For undoubted instances of the name Israel being used in reference to Judah after the separation of the Kingdoms, see 2 Chronicles 12:1; 2 Chronicles 15:17 and following.)