Charles Ellicott Commentary Zechariah 9:2

"and Hamath, also, which bordereth thereon; Tyre and Sidon, because they are very wise." — Zechariah 9:2 (ASV)

And Hamath ... thereby. — Better, And even upon Hamath, [which] borders on it: namely, on Damascus.

Thus far concerning Syria; now he speaks of Phoenicia. The terms of the denunciation of Syria are so general that, if they stood alone, we would be at a loss to fix the era of their fulfilment.

But the case is different with Tyre (Zechariah 9:2–4). For, though Tyre was besieged by Shalmaneser, and perhaps even taken by Nebuchadnezzar, it was certainly never devoured with fire until (333 BC) Alexander, “having slain all except those who fled to the temples, ordered the houses to be set on fire” (Q. Curtius).

At the same time, though he attacked Phoenicia with the main body of his army, he sent a detachment under Parmenio to operate against Syria. To this date, then, we consider this prophecy to refer. (On the mention of these nations in particular, and the argument founded on the supposed similarity of Zechariah 1:1-8 and Amos 1:1 to Amos 2:6, see Introduction, B. 2.)