Charles Spurgeon Commentary Daniel 1:7

"And the prince of the eunuchs gave names unto them: unto Daniel he gave [the name of] Belteshazzar; and to Hananiah, [of] Shadrach; and to Mishael, [of] Meshach; and to Azariah, [of] Abed-nego." — Daniel 1:7 (ASV)

Unto whom the prince of the eunuchs gave names:

This was to Chaldeanize them, to take away from them everything Jewish.

For he gave unto Daniel the name of Belteshazzar; and to Hananiah, of Shadrach; and to Mishael, of Meshach; and to Azariah, of Abednego.

Now these young men's Jewish names had, each one of them, the name of God woven into their fabric. I do not need to elaborate on it now, but there is a meaning in each name connecting it with God. You hear in two of them the sound of El, which is a name of God, and in the other two, the ending Iah, which reveals the name Jehovah.

The new names that were given to them appear to have been connected with idols; in any case, it was so with Belteshazzar and Abed-nego, or Abednego. The intent was to make them Babylonians.