Charles Spurgeon Commentary Revelation 12:1

"And a great sign was seen in heaven: a woman arrayed with the sun, and the moon under her feet, and upon her head a crown of twelve stars;" — Revelation 12:1 (ASV)

This is that woman of whom the promise runs, The seed of the woman shall bruise the serpent's head.

John saw this in a vision in the heavenly places. He saw the Church of God, enthroned and made glorious. She was clothed with the sun, having the brightness of divine light about her. With her was all that is variable and changeable, comparable to the moon under her feet. And upon her head was the crown that her Lord had given her—twelve patriarchs, twelve prophets, twelve apostles, a complete number of glorious lights kindled from heaven.