Expositor's Bible Commentary Commentary Luke 2:1

"Now it came to pass in those days, there went out a decree from Caesar Augustus, that all the world should be enrolled." — Luke 2:1 (ASV)

Luke clearly intends to secure the historical and chronological moorings of Jesus’ birth (approximately 4 B. C.). Ironically, it is precisely this that has led some to question Luke’s accuracy. The mention of Caesar Augustus may not only be for historical background but also to contrast the human with the divine decrees. A mere Galilean peasant travels to Bethlehem ostensibly at the decree of the Roman emperor. Actually, it is in fulfillment of the divine King’s plan, which, as noted passim, is reflected in Luke’s frequent reference to what “must” be done. The first census (i.e., enrollment prior to taxation) known to have occurred under the governorship of Quirinius took place later (i.e., A. D. 6) than usually reckoned as the time of Jesus’ birth (cf. Acts 5:37). Many have supposed that Luke confused this census of A. D. 6 with one he thinks was taken earlier, but which lacks historical support. The most satisfactory solutions that have been proposed follow.