John Calvin Commentary Amos 5:17

"And in all vineyards shall be wailing; for I will pass through the midst of thee, saith Jehovah." — Amos 5:17 (ASV)

A reason is now added why the whole country would be filled with lamentation and mourning: for the Lord would pass through the whole land. Surely, nothing was more desirable than for God to visit His own land; but He here declares that He would pass through as an enemy. Just as an enemy runs through a country and spreads devastation wherever he comes, such would be the passing through that the Prophet now threatens. “God, then, of whom you boast as dwelling in your midst, will come forth, lay waste, and consume the whole land, just as when an enemy spreads ruin far and wide.”

But the Prophet seems to allude to the passing of God, described by Moses in Exodus 11. The Lord then passed through the middle of Egypt; that is, His wrath pervaded the whole land. No corner was safe or tranquil, for God’s vengeance penetrated through every part of it. So also now, the Prophet intimates that the land of Israel would be like that of Egypt; for the Lord, who then testified His love toward the children of Abraham, would now, on the contrary, show Himself an enemy to them while passing through their midst. And the Prophet again indirectly ridicules the vain confidence by which the Israelites were blinded, while they used God’s name as a pretext, as will more clearly appear from what follows, for he says—