John Calvin Commentary Ephesians 4:26

"Be ye angry, and sin not: let not the sun go down upon your wrath:" — Ephesians 4:26 (ASV)

Be ye angry, and sin not. Whether or not the apostle had in mind a part of Psalm 4 is uncertain. The words he used (Ὀργίζεσθε καὶ μὴ ἁμαρτάνετε) occur in the Greek translation, though the word ὀργίζεσθε, which is translated, be ye angry, is considered by some to mean tremble. The Hebrew verb רגז (ragaz) signifies either to be agitated by anger or to tremble.

Regarding the passage of the Psalm, the idea of trembling will be quite appropriate. “Do not choose to resemble madmen, who rush fearlessly in any direction, but let the dread of being accounted foolhardy keep you in awe.” The word sometimes signifies to strive or quarrel, as, for instance, (Genesis 45:24) “See that ye fall not out by the way;” and accordingly, the Psalmist adds, “Commune with your own heart, and be still,” — abstain from furious encounters.

In my opinion, Paul merely alludes to the passage with the following view. There are three faults by which we offend God in being angry:

1. When our anger arises from slight causes, and often from no cause whatever, or at least from private injuries or offenses.
2. When we go beyond the proper bounds, and are hurried into intemperate excesses.
3. When our anger, which should have been directed against ourselves or against sins, is turned against our fellow believers.

Most appropriately, therefore, Paul, when he wished to describe the proper limitation of anger, employed the well-known passage, Be ye angry, and sin not. We comply with this injunction if the objects of our anger are sought not in others, but in ourselves — if we pour out our indignation against our own faults.

With respect to others, we should be angry not at their persons, but at their faults; nor should we be excited to anger by private offenses, but by zeal for the glory of the Lord. Lastly, our anger, after a reasonable time, should be allowed to subside, without mixing itself with the violence of carnal passions.

Let not the sun go down. However, it is almost inevitable that we will sometimes give way to improper and sinful passion — so strong is the tendency of the human mind to what is evil. Paul therefore suggests a second remedy: that we should quickly suppress our anger and not allow it to gather strength by its continuance. The first remedy was, Be ye angry, and sin not; but, as the great weakness of human nature makes this exceedingly difficult, the next is — not to cherish wrath too long in our minds or allow it sufficient time to become strong. Accordingly, he commands, let not the sun go down upon your wrath. If at any time we happen to be angry, let us endeavor to be reconciled before the sun sets.