John Calvin Commentary Ezekiel 14:11

"that the house of Israel may go no more astray from me, neither defile themselves any more with all their transgressions; but that they may be my people, and I may be their God, saith the Lord Jehovah." — Ezekiel 14:11 (ASV)

Here God shows that there was no other remedy if He would recall to safety those who had almost perished. At the same time, He teaches that it is useful to the Church to chastise those who had so impiously turned away from Him. Meanwhile, it happens that God thunders and exercises His judgments even to the extreme of rigor; meanwhile, men do not repent but remain obstinate. Indeed, the punishment which God inflicts upon the reprobate sinks them into deeper destruction.

How so? Those who harden themselves against the hand of God bring upon themselves more severe punishments, since the reprobate do not submit to the yoke when God wishes to correct their hardness and obstinacy. But here God announces that He will not be so severe as not to provide for their safety.

But this contradiction might disturb many, since God destined the people as well as the false prophets to destruction, for this seems to make His covenant void. But He anticipates this question and says that, because He would exact such severe penalties from those who despise His word and from apostates, such rigor would be useful to the Church.

Now we understand the meaning of the saying, the house of Israel shall not err any more: since otherwise their obstinacy was incurable, and unless God had seriously roused them up, they would never have been brought back into the way of their own accord. Here, therefore, God indirectly rebukes the hardness of His people, because they could not be instructed except by punishment.

For incorrigible indeed are those sons who, while their father cherishes and indulges them, despise him and become worse by the indulgence. Of this, then, God now complains: that the children of Israel were so untractable that they could not be corrected from their destructive ways unless He descended to the utmost rigor. For it was a very sad spectacle that God’s truth should be corrupted and adulterated by lies, and that the people, with those who deceived them, should utterly perish.

But we now hear that there was only one remedy, since the children of Israel were untamable unless they were completely broken down. He now adds, from me: a phrase worthy of notice, for we gather here that as soon as we turn even slightly from following God, we stray into errors. For we shall never remain on the right way unless we follow God; that is, unless we are focused on the goal He sets before us, and then unless our eyes are turned in the direction He points out, so that we do not turn to either the right hand or the left.

Thus we shall be safe from any danger of wandering if we follow God. On the other hand, if our minds turn to either this side or that, and we are not kept in obedience to God alone, the Prophet teaches that we stray into error, and that this will eventually end badly for us.

When He speaks of the house of Israel, He does not include without exception all those who spring from Jacob; for both the false prophets and those who consulted them were of Jacob’s line and were recognized as part of that family. But we have already seen what was decreed concerning them: namely, that God would destroy them and blot them out from the midst of His people.

We see then that they are not included in the offspring of Abraham or the house of Israel; rather, this designation is restricted to the remnant of the people whom God wished to spare. For we know that there was always some seed left, so that the covenant which had been made with Abraham might remain firm and sacred.

This statement then properly refers to the elect, who are called by Paul the remnant of grace (Romans 11:5). But God says that the example would be useful to the survivors, since the punishment of others would instruct them; and when they see the false prophets perish and acknowledge God’s remarkable judgment in their destruction, then they will profit by it.

Now we understand what the Prophet means by the destruction of the false prophets and of those hypocrites who despised the true prophets and prostituted themselves to be deceived by impostors: when God makes them an example of His wrath, the Prophet says that the house of Israel will receive advantage from their perishing and profit by their utter ruin.

Now He adds, And that they should not be polluted any more in all their wickedness. Here He purposely enlarges on their crime, so that He may magnify the mercy of God even more; for if they had been only moderately guilty, His pardoning them would not have been so remarkable. But the Prophet here pronounces them abandoned in sin and does not condemn them for one sin but for many: he says they were polluted and contaminated in their crimes. And when God’s mercy is extended to such as these, we discover with certainty how inestimable it is.

Finally, let us learn from this passage that God not only pardons men who transgress only lightly through thoughtlessness and error, but that He is also merciful to the abandoned who are convicted of many iniquities. He says, that they may be my people and I may be their God. God had already adopted the whole seed of Abraham, and every one of them was circumcised; thus they personally bore the testimony of God’s covenant and paternal favor.

Since, therefore, they were already God’s people and were considered members of the Church, what can it mean, that they shall be my people? For God seems here to promise them something new. But by this form of speech, the Prophet highlights their falling away and reveals what they deserve. For although God had considered them worthy of such honor as to count them among His elect people, yet they had cast themselves out by their own depravity.

For since all religion among them was corrupt, God’s worship was profaned, His whole law almost buried, and they were separated as far as possible from God, as we shall see later. On God’s part, the adoption remained firm; but here Ezekiel considers their condition as it would appear if they truly examined it themselves—namely, as one of estrangement, since their own wickedness had cut them off. Therefore, He speaks of it as a new benefit when He says, they should be for a people when they repented.

The second chapter of Hosea will help us to understand this more clearly, where it is said:

I will call them my people who are not my people,
and her beloved who is not beloved (Hosea 2:23).

For the Prophet was commanded to go into a house of ill repute and to take an unchaste woman and have children with her. He says that a son was born to whom God gave the name לאעמי (lagnemi), that is, It shall not be my people; and then when a daughter was born, she was unworthy of love.

There Hosea signifies that the Jews were cut off from the sacred root, and he does not speak of one or two, but of the whole race; for they were neither God’s people nor a beloved daughter. Later, when reconciled, they begin again to be God’s people and a beloved daughter.

Paul does not apply that statement to the calling of the Gentiles rashly (Romans 9:25), namely, that there was no difference between Jews and Gentiles, since the Jews were rejected. Be that as it may, we see that those who held a place and a name among God’s people, and whom He had chosen for Himself, were cast off and had become strangers through their own fault.

Thus they begin to be God’s people anew when they repent and God receives them into favor. The conclusion is: I will restore them anew, that my covenant may be renewed in some way, that they may be my people as they formerly were, and I may be to them a God, since by their own backsliding they deserved to be treated as entire strangers.

Besides, it is good to remember what we said elsewhere: that these words contain whatever belongs to solid happiness. For if God acknowledges us as His people, we are certain of our salvation, as when He pronounces that He will be our God while we call upon Him as a Father. But whoever shall call upon the name of the Lord shall be saved (Joel 2:32; Acts 2:21; Romans 10:13). Then we must remember that celebrated sentence of the Prophet Habakkuk, You art our God: we shall not die (Habakkuk 1:12). Lastly, we have nothing else to wish for towards the fullness of all good things and confidence in eternal life, than that God should reckon us among His people, so that free access to Him in prayer may be open to us.