John Calvin Commentary Genesis 3:11

"And he said, Who told thee that thou wast naked? Hast thou eaten of the tree, whereof I commanded thee that thou shouldest not eat?" — Genesis 3:11 (ASV)

Who told thee that thou wast naked? This is an indirect reprimand, rebuking Adam's dullness in not perceiving his fault through his punishment. It is as if God meant that Adam was not simply afraid of God's voice, but that the voice of his Judge was fearsome to him because he was a sinner.

Also, it implies that not his nakedness, but the depravity of the vice with which he had defiled himself, was the cause of his fear. And certainly, he was guilty of intolerable ungodliness against God by seeking the origin of evil in nature. It is not that he would accuse God in express terms; but, lamenting his own misery and concealing the fact that he himself was its author, he maliciously transfers to God the blame that he should have directed at himself.

What the Vulgate translates as Unless it be that thou hast eaten of the tree, is actually a question. God asks, using the language of doubt, not as if He were investigating some debatable matter, but for the purpose of piercing more acutely the dull-witted man, who, suffering from a fatal disease, is still unaware of his illness—just like a sick man who complains that he is burning, yet does not realize he has a fever.

Let us, however, remember that we will gain nothing by any evasions, but that God will always hold us accountable with a most just accusation in the sin of Adam.

The clause, whereof I commanded thee that thou shouldest not eat, is added to remove the excuse of ignorance. For God indicates that Adam was warned in time, and that he fell for no other reason than that he knowingly and voluntarily brought destruction upon himself.

Again, the appalling nature of sin is evident in this transgression and rebellion. For, as nothing is more acceptable to God than obedience, so nothing is more intolerable than when people, having scorned His commandments, obey Satan and their own lust.