John Calvin Commentary Hebrews 10:33

"partly, being made a gazingstock both by reproaches and afflictions; and partly, becoming partakers with them that were so used." — Hebrews 10:33 (ASV)

Partly, while you were made, etc. We see who they were whom he addresses, even those whose faith had been proven by extraordinary trials, and yet he does not refrain from exhorting them to greater things. Let no one therefore deceive himself by self-flattery as if he had reached the goal, or had no need of incentives from others.

Now he says, that they had been made gazingstocks both by reproaches and afflictions, or exposed to public shame by reproaches and distresses, as if they were exposed on a public theater. From this we learn that the persecutions which they had endured were remarkably severe. But we should especially notice the latter clause, when he says that they became companions, or associates of the godly in their persecutions; for as it is Christ’s cause for which all the godly contend, and as it is what they contend for in common, whatever one of them suffers, all the rest should transfer, as it were, to themselves; and this is what should by all means be done by us, unless we would separate ourselves from Christ himself.