John Calvin Commentary Isaiah 24:10

"The waste city is broken down; every house is shut up, that no man may come in." — Isaiah 24:10 (ASV)

The city of vanity is broken down. I do not object to viewing this as relating especially to the desolation of Jerusalem. Yet, it can be gathered from the context that it also applies to other cities, for shortly afterward, he uses the plural in summoning the nations to appear before the same tribunal. But since the Prophet primarily had his own countrymen in view, we may properly consider it to denote Jerusalem, which he calls “the city of vanity,” either because there was no solid virtue in it or because it was destroyed.

The word תהו (tōhū) may refer either to the destruction itself or to their crimes, by which they provoked God’s wrath against them. If it is thought better to refer it to their crimes, it will denote “the city of confusion,” in which nothing is regular or properly arranged; and I approve of this interpretation. Yet, it may refer to the punishment; for, in my opinion, it declares the cause of the destruction and gives up the city to ruin because justice and good government are banished from it.

Every house is shut up. This is a proof of solitude, and the only reason it is added is to express the desolation of that city.