John Calvin Commentary Isaiah 27:2

"In that day: A vineyard of wine, sing ye unto it." — Isaiah 27:2 (ASV)

Sing to the vineyard of redness. He now shows that all this will promote the salvation of the Church, for the Lord attends to the interests of his people, whom he has taken under his guardianship and protection. Therefore, in order that the Church may be restored, Satan and all his kingdom shall be utterly destroyed. The object of all the vengeance which God takes on his enemies is to show that he takes care of the Church; and although in this passage the Prophet does not name the Church, he shows plainly enough that he addresses her in this congratulation.

This figure conveys the meaning even more strongly than if he had spoken expressly of the people of Israel; for since the whole excellence of a vineyard depends partly on the soil in which it is planted, and partly on diligent cultivation, if the Church of God is a vineyard, we infer that its excellence is owing to nothing else than the undeserved favor of God and the uninterrupted continuance of his kindness. The same metaphor also expresses God’s astonishing love towards the Church, of which we spoke largely in the fifth chapter.

He calls it a vineyard of redness, that is, very excellent; for in Scripture, if we compare various passages, “red wine” denotes excellence. He says that this song may at that time be sung in the Church, and foretells that, though it would in the meantime be reduced to fearful ruin and lie desolate and waste, yet afterwards it will be restored in such a manner as to yield fruit plentifully, and this will furnish abundant materials for singing.