John Calvin Commentary Isaiah 5:17

"Then shall the lambs feed as in their pasture, and the waste places of the fat ones shall wanderers eat." — Isaiah 5:17 (ASV)

And the lambs shall feed after their manner. Some render it according to their measure, or, in proportion to their capacity, but it means in the usual manner. There are various ways of explaining this verse; but we should first of all observe that the Prophet intended to bring consolation to the godly, who trembled at hearing the dreadful judgments of God. For the more powerfully one is under the influence of religion, the more does one feel the presence of the hand of God, and the more is one impressed by the apprehension of His judgment. In short, fear and reverence for God cause us to be deeply moved by everything that is presented to us in His name.

Accordingly, after having heard such dreadful threats, they must have fainted if this consolation had not been added as a seasoning, to give them a taste of the mercy of God. It is customary for the prophets always to pay attention to the godly and to support their minds. “Although, therefore,” says Isaiah, “it may seem as if God were about to destroy the whole nation, still He will show Himself to be a faithful shepherd to His lambs, and will feed them in His usual manner.”

This is one purpose; but it was also the intention of the Prophet to repress the haughtiness of the nobles, who oppressed the godly and poor with unjust tyranny, and yet boasted that they were the Church of God. He reminds them, therefore, that it is an idle and false boasting when they assume the designation of God’s flock; for they are goats, not lambs. Not only will God be able to feed His flock when the goats have been cut off, but it will never fare well with the lambs until they have been separated from the goats.

And the waste places of the fat ones shall strangers eat. There is a still greater diversity here among commentators; but I consider the true meaning to be that the children of God, banished and treated as foreigners for a time, will regain their lost rights, and will then obtain those places which have been laid waste, or reduced to desolation by the fat ones, that is, by the proud and cruel men who had seized their property.

For he calls the children of God strangers who would be exiles for a time, and by waste places, or forsaken places, he means those possessions they had relinquished and others had seized. He refers to a well-known and exceedingly common custom: if anyone possesses fields or houses, he keeps his hand, as it were, stretched over them, so that no one will venture to touch a clod; but if he forsakes them, they are seized. The people, therefore, had forsaken the possessions from which they had been expelled, so far as to despair of ever being able to regain them; so that these possessions might justly be called forsaken places with respect to themselves, and forsaken places of the fat ones, because they had been possessed by the mighty and powerful. We may, indeed, view the expression more simply as denoting forsaken fat places, but it is more probable that by the fat ones are meant tyrants.