John Calvin Commentary Isaiah 54:5

"For thy Maker is thy husband; Jehovah of hosts is his name: and the Holy One of Israel is thy Redeemer; the God of the whole earth shall he be called." — Isaiah 54:5 (ASV)

For thy Maker is thy husband. He assigns the reason why she will forget all the distresses and calamities she previously endured. It is because God will again receive her into favor, for captivity might be described as a kind of divorce, as we previously saw (Isaiah 1:1). He now says, “He who created you shall be your husband,” for this is the meaning of the words.

He calls himself the “Maker” of His Church, not only because He created the Church as He created other people, but also because He condescended to adopt her as His heritage; and this privilege may be regarded as a new life. Although the Jews fell from their dignity, as people are quickly led to revolt if they are not renewed by the Spirit of strength, yet their spiritual creation was not wholly extinguished, for the remembrance of the covenant remained, and for this reason God also created them anew.

Whose name is Jehovah of hosts. This refers to His power, so that we may be permitted to glory in it, seeing that we are His children. For the greater the power of God and the more honorable His name, the greater is our boasting, as long as we are His children and do not boast of an empty title. Now, the Prophet magnifies this kindness of God: that He condescends to take us as His wife, so that we may be able to glory in His power and strength.

Thy Redeemer. He calls himself the “Redeemer” so that He may more fully confirm the people in that hope: that, although the former deliverance appeared to be cancelled because the people were again led into captivity, yet they shall be restored in such a way that they will know that the grace of God is not without effect.

Shall be called. The verb, יקרא (yikkare), “shall be called,” may refer either to the name “Redeemer,” to the name “Holy One,” or to both. I willingly connect both together in this manner: “The Holy One of Israel shall be called thy Redeemer, and the God of the whole earth.” He uses the expression “the whole earth” because the name of God had previously been, in some respects, confined to Judea, but by the preaching of the Gospel, the Gentiles have been called to the same hope of salvation (Psalms 76:2). The Lord is the God of the Gentiles (Romans 3:29) as well as of the Jews, for the Gentiles, though previously far off (Ephesians 2:13), have been united with the Jews under His government.