John Calvin Commentary Jeremiah 50:10

"And Chaldea shall be a prey: all that prey upon her shall be satisfied, saith Jehovah." — Jeremiah 50:10 (ASV)

Here he mentions the effect of the victory, so that he might more fully confirm what he had said. For it is sometimes the case that those who are conquered flee to their cities. The country is indeed laid waste, but the enemies depart with their spoils.

But the Prophet here says that the whole of Chaldea would be plundered. He further adds that the plunderers would be satiated, as if he had said, “The enemies shall not only seize on all sides, as sometimes happens, whatever may fall into their hands, but they shall heap together all the treasures of Chaldea until they are satiated.”

In short, he means that Chaldea would be wholly emptied, for these two things should be considered as set in opposition to each other—that the enemies would be filled to satiety, and the Chaldeans would be reduced to poverty. Then the satiety of which the Prophet speaks implies that the Chaldeans would be brought to extreme poverty and want.