John Calvin Commentary Matthew 15:13

"But he answered and said, Every plant which my heavenly Father planted not, shall be rooted up." — Matthew 15:13 (ASV)

Every plant. As the indifferent success of the doctrine had wounded their weak minds, Christ intended to remedy this evil. Now the remedy which He proposes is, that good men ought not to be distressed, or entertain less reverence for the doctrine, though to many it is an occasion of death. It is a mistaken view of this passage which some have adopted, that all the inventions of men, and every thing that has not proceeded from the mouth of God, must be rooted up and perish; for it was rather to men that Christ referred. The meaning is that there is no reason to wonder if the doctrine of salvation will prove deadly to the reprobate, because they are always carried headlong to the destruction to which they are doomed.

By the persons that have been planted by the hand of God, we are to understand those who, by His free adoption, have been ingrafted into the tree of life; Isaiah also, when speaking of the Church renewed by the grace of God, calls it a branch planted by the Lord (Isaiah 60:21). Now, as salvation depends solely on the election of God, the reprobate must perish, in whatever way this may be accomplished. This is not because they are innocent and free from all blame when God destroys them, but because, by their own malice, they turn to their destruction all that is offered to them, however salutary it may be. To those who willingly perish, the Gospel thus becomes, as Paul assures us, the savor of death unto death (2 Corinthians 2:16); for, though it is offered to all for salvation, it does not yield this fruit in any but the elect.

It belongs to a faithful and honest teacher to regulate everything he brings forward with regard to the advantage of all; but whenever the result is different, let us take comfort from Christ’s reply. It is beautifully expressed by the parable that the cause of perdition does not lie in the doctrine. Instead, the reprobate, who have no root in God, when the doctrine is presented to them, throw out their hidden venom and thus accelerate that death to which they were already doomed.

Which my heavenly Father hath not planted. Hypocrites, who appear for a time to have been planted like good trees, are particularly described by Christ. For Epicureans, who are noted for open and shameful contempt of God, cannot properly be said to resemble trees; rather, the description must be intended to apply to those who have acquired celebrity by some vain appearance of godliness.

Such were the scribes, who towered in the Church of God like the cedars in Lebanon, and whose revolt might on that account appear all the more strange. Christ might have said that it is right that those should perish who disdainfully reject salvation; but He rises higher and asserts that no one will remain steadfast unless his salvation is secured by the election of God.

By these words He expressly declares that the first origin of our salvation flows from that grace by which God elected us to be His children before we were created.