John Calvin Commentary Zechariah 3:10

"In that day, saith Jehovah of hosts, shall ye invite every man his neighbor under the vine and under the fig-tree." — Zechariah 3:10 (ASV)

We see from this verse that a particular time is signified by one day; for the Prophet wished to inspire the Jews with confidence, lest they think that their misery would continue because God had until now treated them with rigor and severity. Here then, a sudden change is shown to them.

He therefore adds, In that day, ye shall call every one his neighbor under his vine and under his fig-tree; that is, “You will dwell secure, beyond the reach of fear or of danger, for no one will be incensed against you.” This kind of expression signifies a safe and quiet state, that is, when it is said that neighbors meet together under the vine and under the fig-tree.

For those who fear either remain enclosed in cities or, when in the country, seek some fortified place that is difficult to access, or watch their own doors that they may not be exposed to injuries. But those who joyfully meet together under the vine or under the fig-tree show that they are free from every anxiety and fear.

The sum of the whole, then, is—that when God will openly make himself the guardian of his Church, the faithful will be relieved from every fear and will cheerfully enjoy their freedom, so that they will venture to have their meal under the vine and under the fig-tree, that is, in the open air and on the public road, as there will be no one to terrify them.

But as this promise is to be extended to the whole kingdom of Christ, what is said ought to be applied to that spiritual peace which we enjoy when we are fully persuaded that God is reconciled to us. For then we also become reconciled among ourselves, so that we no longer seek to injure one another, according to what we have observed in Micah (Micah 4:4), and according to what Isaiah says in the second chapter (Isaiah 2:1).