John Gill Commentary 1 Kings 3:11

"And God said unto him, Because thou hast asked this thing, and hast not asked for thyself long life, neither hast asked riches for thyself, nor hast asked the life of thine enemies, but hast asked for thyself understanding to discern justice;" — 1 Kings 3:11 (ASV)

And God said unto him
Being yet in a dream:

because you have asked this thing ;
wisdom for government:

and have not asked for yourself long life ;
which is naturally desired by men, and always reckoned a great temporal blessing, and especially to be wished for by a king living in great pomp and splendour:

neither have asked riches for yourself ;
to support his grandeur; for though David his father had left him much, yet not for himself, but for the building of the temple:

nor have asked the life of your enemies ;
victory over them, and to have it in his power to take away their lives when he pleased; which kings, and especially tyrants, are desirous of, such as are ambitious, haughty, and revengeful:

but have asked for yourself understanding to discern judgment ;
where the right of a cause lay, that so he might make a right judgment of it, and pass a righteous sentence, a sentence not to the injury of any.