John Gill Commentary Deuteronomy 24:10

"When thou dost lend thy neighbor any manner of loan, thou shalt not go into his house to fetch his pledge." — Deuteronomy 24:10 (ASV)

When you do lend your brother anything
Any sum of money he stands in need of, or demanded a debt of him, as Jarchi; money he is indebted to you, which is the sense of the Septuagint version; and he is not able to pay it, but offers something: in pawn till he can pay it:

you shall not go into his house to fetch his pledge ;
which would be an exercise of too much power and authority, to go into a neighbour's house, and take what was liked; and besides, as no doubt he would take the best, so he might take that which the poor man could not spare: and indeed, according to the Jewish canons ^F11 , he could not take any pledge at all, but with the knowledge, and by the leave, of the sanhedrim, or court of judicature.

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FOOTNOTES:

• F11: Misn. Bava Metzia, c. 9. sect. 13.