John Gill Commentary Ezekiel 17:6

"And it grew, and became a spreading vine of low stature, whose branches turned toward him, and the roots thereof were under him: so it became a vine, and brought forth branches, and shot forth sprigs." — Ezekiel 17:6 (ASV)

And it grew
King Zedekiah reigned and prospered, and the kingdom flourished under him:

and became a spreading vine of low stature ;
not so flourishing as it had been heretofore, in former reigns; it did not rise up to a cedar, as it had been, but was like a vine, which, though flourishing, does not rise up high, but runs upon the ground, and is dependent on something else; so the king and kingdom of Judah, though in tolerable circumstances, yet were humble and dependent on the king of Babylon:

whose branches turned towards him ;
the eagle, Nebuchadnezzar, to whom the people of the Jews were tributary:

and the roots thereof were under him ;
they were rooted and settled in their own land, yet under the power, and at the dispose, of the Babylonish monarch:

so it became a vine ;
a flourishing kingdom in some measure, though attended with some degree of weakness and dependence as a vine:

and brought forth branches, and shot forth sprigs ;
increased in people and in riches; particularly the king had many children, so that there was a prospect of a succession, and of a more flourishing estate, and a continuance of it, (Jeremiah 52:10) .