John Gill Commentary Ezekiel 19:10

"Thy mother was like a vine, in thy blood, planted by the waters: it was fruitful and full of branches by reason of many waters." — Ezekiel 19:10 (ASV)

Your mother [is] like a vine in your blood. Another simile is used, relating to the same persons; the same that were compared to a lioness are here compared to a vine, as the people of the Jews frequently are, (Psalms 80:8) (Isaiah 5:1) (27:3) (Jeremiah 2:21) (Ezekiel 15:2) (17:6); the same person is here addressed, the then reigning prince, Zedekiah, whose mother, the Jewish people, from where he sprung, has been in times past, and still was, like a vine; and especially with respect to his blood, the royal family from where he descended: the allusion is to the use of blood laid to the roots of vines, by which they became more fruitful. It may have regard, as Calvin thinks, to the original of the Jewish nation, who, when in their blood, or as soon as they were born, that is, as soon as they became a nation, were at first like a flourishing vine. Some render the words, "in your likeness"; so Jarchi, Kimchi, and Ben Melech; to which the Targum agrees: "the congregation of Israel, when it did according to the law, was like to a vine".

planted by the waters. For in those hot countries vines required water, and thrived the better for being near to them, or for being in watery places; this may denote the many privileges, blessings, laws, and ordinances, which were for the advantage of the Jewish people; both in their civil and ecclesiastical state.

she was fruitful and full of branches, by reason of many waters. Grew populous, rich, and wealthy.