John Gill Commentary Isaiah 10:18

"And he will consume the glory of his forest, and of his fruitful field, both soul and body: and it shall be as when a standard-bearer fainteth." — Isaiah 10:18 (ASV)

And shall consume the glory of his forest
The Assyrian army is compared to a "forest", for the number of men in it; and for the mighty men in it, comparable to large and tall trees, such as oaks and cedars; and like a wood or forest a numerous army looks, when in rank and file, in proper order, and with banners, and having on their armour, their shields, spears, bows and arrows; and the "glory" of it intends either the princes and nobles that were in it, the principal officers, generals, and captains; or the riches of it, the plunder of the Egyptians and Ethiopians, as Kimchi observes, which were all destroyed at once:

both soul and body ,
or "from the soul even to the flesh" ^F15 ; which denotes the total consumption of them, nothing of them remaining; the Targum is, ``the glory of the multitude of his army, and their souls with their bodies, it shall consume;'' and so some understand this of the eternal destruction of soul and body in hell:

the Rabbins are divided about the manner of the consumption of the Assyrian army; some say their bodies and souls were both burnt, which these words seem to favour; and others, that their souls were burnt, and not their bodies, their lives were taken away, and their bodies unhurt; which they think is favoured by (Isaiah 10:16) where it is said, "under his glory", and not "his glory" ^F16 :

and they shall be as when a standardbearer fainteth ;
who when he fails, the whole company or army is thrown into confusion, and flees; and so the Targum, ``and he shall be broken, and flee.'' Some render it, "as the dust of the worm that eats wood" ^F17 ; so Jarchi; signifying that they should be utterly destroyed, and become as small as the dust that falls from a worm eaten tree; which simile is used, a forest being made mention of before.

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FOOTNOTES:

• F15: (rvb dew vpnm) "ab anima usque ad carnem", V. L. Montanus, Piscator.
• F16: T. Bab. Sabbat, fol. 113. 2. & Sanhedrin, fol 94. 1, 2. See Kimchi in loc.
• F17: (oon owomk) "at pulvis teredinis", Tigurine version.