John Gill Commentary Jeremiah 51:25

"Behold, I am against thee, O destroying mountain, saith Jehovah, which destroyest all the earth; and I will stretch out my hand upon thee, and roll thee down from the rocks, and will make thee a burnt mountain." — Jeremiah 51:25 (ASV)

Behold, I [am] against thee, O destroying mountain, says the
Lord, which destroyest all the earth
Babylon is called a mountain, though situated in a plain, because of its high walls, lofty towers, and hanging gardens, which made it look at a distance like a high mountain, as Lebanon, and others: or because it was a strong fortified city; so the Targum renders it, O destroying city: or because of its power and grandeur as a monarchy, it being usual to compare monarchies to mountains; see (Isaiah 2:2) (Zechariah 4:7) ; here called a "destroying" one for a reason given, because it destroyed all the earth, all the nations and kingdoms of it: the same character is given of mystical Babylon and its inhabitants, (Revelation 11:18) :

and I will stretch out mine hand upon thee :
in a way of vindictive wrath, pouring it out upon her, and inflicting his judgments on her; laying hold on and seizing her in a furious manner, as a man does his enemy, when he has found him:

and roll them down from the rocks ;
towers and fortresses in Babylon, which looked like rocks, but should be now demolished:

and will make thee a burnt mountain :
reduced to cinders and ashes by the conflagration of it: or, "a burning mountain": like Etna and Vesuvius; we never read of the burning of literal Babylon, but we do of mystical Babylon: see (Revelation 18:8) ; and with this compare (Revelation 8:8) . The Targum renders it, a burnt city.