John Gill Commentary Leviticus 11:5

"And the coney, because he cheweth the cud but parteth not the hoof, he is unclean unto you." — Leviticus 11:5 (ASV)

And the coney
Or rabbit:

because he chews the cud ;
or "though he chews"; which yet, some observe, the coney or rabbit does not, it having upper teeth, and therefore they think some other creature is meant by Shaphan, the word here used; and Bochart ^F13 is of opinion, that the Aljarbuo of the Arabians, a sort of mountain mouse, is meant, which chews the cud and divides not the hoof, and resides in rocks, which agrees with the account of the Shaphan in (Proverbs 30:26) but this is rejected by Dr. Shaw ^F14 , who takes the creature here to be the Daman Israel, or Israel's lamb, an animal of Mount Lebanon, a harmless creature of the same size and quality with the rabbit, and with the like incurvating posture, and disposition or the fore teeth, but is of a browner colour, with smaller eyes, and a head more pointed, like the marmots; the fore feet likewise are short, and the hinder are nearly as long in proportion as those of the jerboa; and though this animal is known to burrow sometimes in the ground, yet its usual residence and refuge is in the holes and clifts of the rocks;

but a learned man ^F15 , and very inquisitive in the things of nature, tells us, that the "cuniculus", coney, or rabbit, this sort of animals do chew half an hour after eating:

but divides not the hoof ;
which is well known of this creature:

he [is] unclean to you ;
not fit or proper to be eaten of, but to be abstained from as an unclean animal; and may be an emblem of timorous persons, as these creatures by Aristotle ^F16 are observed to be, and it is well known they are; even of the fearful and unbelieving, reckoned among the impure, who will have their portion in the lake of fire, (Revelation 21:8) .

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FOOTNOTES:

• F13: Hierozoic par. 1. l. 3. c. 33. col. 1015, 1016.
• F14: Travels, p. 177, 348. Ed. 2.
• F15: Scheuchzer. ut supra, (Physic. Sacr. vol. 2.) p. 281.
• F16: Hist. Animal. l. 1. c. 1.