John Gill Commentary Luke 12:58

"For as thou art going with thine adversary before the magistrate, on the way give diligence to be quit of him; lest haply he drag thee unto the judge, and the judge shall deliver thee to the officer, and the officer shall cast thee into prison." — Luke 12:58 (ASV)

When you go with your adversary
The creditor, as the Persic version, and who is the prosecutor, that has commenced a suit of law against another, in order to obtain his right: for Christ is here speaking of a bad man, that will not pay his just debts, so that his creditor is obliged to prosecute him, and have him to the

magistrate ;
ruler, or prince; the Nasi, or prince of the sanhedrim, who sat as judge there: as you are in the way; going along with the creditor, or prosecutor, to the court of judicature;

be diligent that you may be delivered from him .
The Persic version renders it, "give him the money"; and the Arabic version, "give what you owe"; and the Syriac version, "give the gain"; or pay the interest, about which the dispute is, and so escape out of his hands; lest when the matter is brought into court, sentence should be given, to pay both interest and principal, with all costs and charges; or however, make up matters with him, satisfy him in some way or other, before things are brought to an extremity:

lest he hale you to the judge ;
the same that is called the magistrate, or prince before, that sits chief upon the bench, hears and tries causes, and passes sentence:

and the judge deliver you to the officer :
who upon hearing the matter in difference, and giving the cause against the defendant, and for the prosecutor, delivers the debtor into the hands of a proper officer, in order to commit him to prison: the word rendered "officer", signifies an exactor of debts, or fines, and was one who obliged those who were cast, to do what the judge appointed to be done: in the Septuagint on (Isaiah 3:12) it answers to an "oppressor"; and such men used rigour, to bring persons to the payment of their debts, or fines:

and the officer cast you into prison ;
which he had power to do, when committed into his hands by the judge, in case the sentence pronounced was not immediately complied with; (See Gill on Matthew 5:25).