John Gill Commentary Psalms 129:3

"The plowers plowed upon my back; They made long their furrows." — Psalms 129:3 (ASV)

The ploughers ploughed upon my back
"Sinners", as the Septuagint, Vulgate Latin, and Arabic versions, render it; such that plough iniquity, and sow wickedness, (Job 4:8) (Hosea 10:13) ; which may be understood of their carrying Israel captive, when they put yokes and bonds upon their necks, as upon oxen when they plough, as Arama interprets it; or it may design the destruction of their high places, signified by the back, such as the temple, the royal palace, and houses of their nobles, burnt with fire; yea, it was predicted that Zion should be ploughed as a field, (Micah 3:12) ; and the Jews say that Turnus Rufus, the Roman general, as they call him, did plough up Jerusalem. The Syriac version is, "they whipped" their whips or scourges; with which many of the Israelites were scourged in the times of the Maccabees, (Hebrews 11:36) .

And the Messiah himself, who gave his back to the smiters, and was buffeted and scourged by them, (Isaiah 50:6) (Matthew 27:26) ; and many of his apostles and followers, (Matthew 10:17) (2 Corinthians 11:23–25) . The Targum renders it ``upon my body;'' and Aben Ezra says the phrase is expressive of contempt and humiliation, and compares with it (Isaiah 51:23) ;

they made long their furrows ;
which signify afflictions, and the pain their enemies put them to, and the distress they gave them; as no affliction is joyous, but grievous, but like the rending and tearing up the earth with the plough; and also the length and duration of afflictions; such were the afflictions of Israel in Egypt and in Babylon, and of the church of God under Rome Pagan and Papal; but, as the longest furrows have an end, so have the most lasting afflictions.

The Syriac version is, "they prolonged their humiliation", or "affliction"; Kimchi says the meaning is, ``they would give us no rest from servitude and bondage.''