John Gill Commentary Psalms 80:13

"The boar out of the wood doth ravage it, And the wild beasts of the field feed on it." — Psalms 80:13 (ASV)

The boar out of the wood does waste it
As Shalmaneser, king of Assyria, who carried the ten tribes captive; the title of this psalm in the Septuagint version is, a psalm for the Assyrian. Vitringa, on (Isaiah 24:2) interprets this of Antiochus Epiphanes, to whose times he thinks the psalm refers; but the Jews ^F18 of the fourth beast in (Daniel 7:7) , which designs the Roman empire: the wild boar is alluded to, which lives in woods and forests ^F19 , and wastes, fields, and vineyards.

and the wild beast of the field does devour it ;
as Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, who carried the two tribes captive, and who for a while lived among and lived as the beasts of the field; both these, in their turns, wasted and devoured the people of Israel; see (Jeremiah 50:17) .

Jarchi interprets this of Esau or Edom, that is, Rome; and says the whole of the paragraph respects the Roman captivity; that is, their present one; but rather the words describe the persecutors of the Christian church in general, comparable to wild boars and wild beasts for their fierceness and cruelty; and perhaps, in particular, Rome Pagan may be pointed at by the one, and Rome Papal by the other; though the latter is signified by two beasts, one that rose out of the sea, and the other out of the earth; which have made dreadful havoc of the church of Christ, his vine, and have shed the blood of the saints in great abundance; see (Revelation 12:3Revelation 12:4) (Revelation 13:1Revelation 13:2Revelation 13:7Revelation 13:11Revelation 13:12) , unless we should rather by the one understand the pope, and by the other the Turk, as the Jews interpret them of Esau and of Ishmael.

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FOOTNOTES:

• F18: Gloss. in T. Bab. Pesachim, fol. 118. 2.
• F19: Homer. Odyss. xix. v. 439.