Thomas Aquinas Commentary Jeremiah 30:23-24

"Behold, the tempest of Jehovah, [even his] wrath, is gone forth, a sweeping tempest: it shall burst upon the head of the wicked. The fierce anger of Jehovah shall not return, until he have executed, and till he have performed the intents of his heart: in the latter days ye shall understand it." — Jeremiah 30:23-24 (ASV)

Here, he speaks of the manner of vindication in three ways.

1. He threatens a punishment: behold, the whirlwind, which scatters the people into captivity as the wind scatters dust; a storm, which swallows them up in death like the waves of the sea. This storm is of the wicked—for those who had afflicted the Jews and have not been corrected for their evil deeds. The punishment shall rest upon them, as if remaining there permanently. As Isaiah says, And the passage of the rod shall be strongly grounded, which the Lord shall make to rest upon him (Isaiah 30:32).
2. He excludes mercy: the Lord shall not turn aside the wrath. As it is written, In all these things the wrath of the Lord was not turned back; but still was his hand stretched forth (Isaiah 9:12).
3. He promises that they will eventually understand these things, saying, in the end you will understand these things—that is, when all these events have come to pass. As the psalmist says, The Lord shall be known when he carries out judgment; the sinner shall be caught in the works of his hands (Psalms 9:17).

Chapter 31