Commentators unanimously highlight a key theological truth: God's purpose operates behind human motives. While Shishak, the king of Egypt, invaded for his own reasons like power and wealth, the Chronicler reveals the divine perspective. God was sovereignly using Shishak as an instrument, a 'rod' of chastisement, to discipline His unfaithful people, even though Shishak himself was unaware of this divine purpose.