Commentators explain that the command to "hew down the tree" is a divine decree, not a human plan. It is announced with great force by a heavenly being (a "watcher" or angel) to be carried out by other angels. The detailed instructions—cutting branches, shaking leaves, scattering fruit—symbolize the complete and humiliating removal of Nebuchadnezzar's power, glory, and ability to protect others. This judgment comes directly from God.