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Verse Takeaways
1
The Brutality of 'Rigor'
Commentators emphasize that the 'rigor' was not merely hard work but a systematic effort to crush the Israelites. Scholars describe it as brutal, incessant toil under the taskmaster's rod, with conditions so severe they were meant 'to break their strength' and make their lives 'bitter.' This was a deliberate and inhumane cruelty.
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Book Overview
Exodus
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Commentaries
4
Charles Ellicott
On Exodus 1:13
19th Century
Bishop
With rigour. —Forced labour in Egypt was of a very severe character. Those condemned to it worked from morning to night under the …
John Calvin
On Exodus 1:13
16th Century
Theologian
And the Egyptians made. Thus Moses informs us that, instead of being persuaded to kindness by their fears, they were rather hardened and s…
John Gill
On Exodus 1:13
17th Century
Pastor
And the Egyptians made the children of Israel to serve
with rigour .
Or with breach
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Matthew Henry
On Exodus 1:8–14
17th Century
Minister
The land of Egypt became a house of bondage to Israel. The place where we have been happy may soon become the place of our affliction; and that may…