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Verse Takeaways
1
The Justice in Hardening
Commentators explain that God's act of hardening Pharaoh's heart is a righteous judgment, not an arbitrary action. They note a progression: Pharaoh first had a hard heart and actively hardened it himself against God's commands. Only then did God judicially harden it as a punishment, using Pharaoh's rebellion to ultimately display His own power and glory.
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Book Overview
Exodus
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Commentaries
5
Albert Barnes
On Exodus 4:21
18th Century
Theologian
I will harden - Calamities which do not subdue the heart harden it. In the case of Pharaoh, the hardening was at once a righteous j…
Charles Ellicott
On Exodus 4:21
19th Century
Bishop
All those wonders. —Not the “three signs” of Exodus 3:3-9, but the “portents” or “wonders” which were to be done before Pharaoh, a…
John Calvin
On Exodus 4:21
16th Century
Theologian
When you go to return. Moses had not previously enumerated the wonders, but from this verse we gather that whatever we will shortly read w…
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John Gill
On Exodus 4:21
17th Century
Pastor
And the Lord said to Moses. At the same time he appeared to him in Midian, and ordered him to go into Egypt, even before …
Matthew Henry
On Exodus 4:18–23
17th Century
Minister
After God had appeared in the bush, He often spoke to Moses. Pharaoh had hardened his own heart against the groans and cries of the oppressed Israe…