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However, the son by the handmaid was born according to the flesh, but the son by the free woman was born through promise.
Verse Takeaways
1
Human Effort vs. Divine Promise
Commentators unanimously highlight the contrast Paul draws. Ishmael was born 'after the flesh'—through natural human ability and in the ordinary course of nature. In contrast, Isaac was born 'by promise'—a miraculous act of God's power when his parents were biologically unable to have children.
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Galatians
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10
18th Century
Presbyterian
But he who was of the bond-woman was born after the flesh. This occurred in the ordinary course of nature, without any special promise or …
Is born (γεγεννητα). Perfect passive indicative of γενναω, stand on record so.
Through promise (δι' επαγγε…
19th Century
Anglican
But.—Both were alike in being children of Abraham; they were unlike in that one was born naturally, the other by divine instrument…
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Baptist
But he of the freewoman was by promise.
In the power of God, born after both father and mother had ceased to be capable of becoming …
There were two main differences between these sons. (1) They were born of different mothers (v.22); one was a free woman, the other a slave. This, …
16th Century
Protestant
But he who was of the bond woman.
Both were sons of Abraham according to the flesh; but in Isaac there was this peculiarity, that h…
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17th Century
Reformed Baptist
But he who was of the bondwoman Ishmael, who was begotten and born of Hagar,
was born after the f…
The difference between believers who rested in Christ only, and those who trusted in the law, is explained by the histories of Isaac and Ishmael. T…
13th Century
Catholic
Previously, the Apostle showed the preeminence of grace using a human example; here, he proves it on the authority of Scripture.
First, he p…
