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Ephraim has provoked to anger most bitterly: therefore shall his blood be left on him, and his reproach shall his Lord return to him.
Verse Takeaways
1
Sin's Bitter Provocation
Commentators agree that Ephraim's sin was not a minor issue but a "most bitter" provocation. This involved deep-seated idolatry, attributing God's miracles to lifeless idols, and even shedding the blood of the innocent and God's prophets. This serves as a reminder that persistent sin is a grievous offense against a holy and good God.
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Hosea
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5
18th Century
Presbyterian
Ephraim provoked the Lord most bitterly—literally, “with bitternesses,” that is, with most heinous sins, such as are most grievously displea…
19th Century
Anglican
But the rift in the clouds closes again, and another severe rebuke follows. “Jacob” and “Israel” yield to the proud tribal name of Ephraim. This po…
16th Century
Protestant
The Prophet says first, that Ephraim had provoked God by his high places. Some, however, take the word תמרורים, tamerurim, for bi…
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17th Century
Reformed Baptist
Ephraim provoked [him] to anger most bitterly The Vulgate Latin version supplies it, me; that is, God, as Kimchi; or his …
Ephraim became a merchant: the word also signifies a Canaanite. They carried on trade on Canaanite principles, covetously and with fraud and deceit…
