Commentators overwhelmingly agree that this verse holds two truths in tension: God's sovereign plan and human responsibility. Jesus's death was part of God's predetermined plan for salvation, as prophesied in Scripture. However, this divine decree did not force Judas's hand or excuse his sin. Scholars like Calvin and Barnes affirm that Judas acted freely from his own wicked heart and was therefore fully culpable for his betrayal, facing a just and terrible woe.